Monday, November 22, 2021

Topic 2: Leadership Traits and Ethics.

Weekly Reflection


Week 3 (31 October 2021)


Assalamualaikum and bismillah. I would like to begin my weekly reflection with an anecdote. Imagine you are in a situation where you are teaching and your principal is at the back of your class observing you. Your students do not seem to cooperate and the session is far from what you have expected. It is very painful to watch but the lesson must go on. The principal is looking at you. One boy is hitting the desk as if he’s stirring the whole class against you. The other keeps yelling your name seeking your attention Your students’ 
crabbiness leads to petty annoyances, spiralling into disorder making you shake yourself into little sense. Perhaps, making eye contact with your favourite student (which I always did), would ease the sadness behind the soft smile. At this moment all the theories and principles of being a good leader come flashing and flickering in the corner of your eyes. You are well aware of all those traits and ethics of being a good leader in handling your class and they are at your fingertips. At that moment, you are thinking of adopting those traits into practise and how to change the traits accordingly to resolve the current and existing problem. 

This is where leadership traits come into the picture. To adapt according to the situation, a leader must acquire the Big 5 Model of Personality. Group one who presented these personality traits has drawn me to reflect on them.

 

 

Gazing back on the anecdote earlier, these 5 traits have a strong relationship with teachers as it affects the quality of teachers’ instructions towards their students. Teachers appear to be particularly interested in listening to the problems of others (Openness), connecting with people, and caring for others (Agreeableness). So yes, the Big 5 Personality does make a good teacher/leader in whatever situation he is confronting.

            The group also presented on Traits of Effective Leaders. If you encounter a situation as in the anecdote earlier, one of the traits of an effective teacher/leader is flexibility. An effective teacher/leader excels at being adaptable and being flexible, which means they can adapt to any kind of situation; hectic or stressful;  yet still make the students feel attached and feel valued. As the teacher grows in his or her job and acquires more experience with each new challenge, this effectiveness in terms of flexibility emerges.

 

            Other than that, the presenters also discussed Theory X and Theory Y approaches which I found fascinating. Two approaches (Theory X and Y) to encourage employees are described as this is also closely related to teachers in their teaching practice. At the school level, the use of theories X and Y might lead to the principal stigmatising the teachers. Thus, school principals who understand this theory well will use Theory Y that will guide them to have better outcomes in the teaching profession. Reflecting on the earlier anecdote, a good principal should and always support the teachers who are struggling with their students. Rather than criticizing, the school principal should motivate the teachers and not label them as not capable.

 

            Last but not the least, I would like to pour my opinion on Pygmalion Effect. The group one presenters talked about how the Pygmalion effect occurs in leadership traits and ethics as well as in the teaching profession. According to the theory, the increased expectations of a person contributes to higher performance. The contrary is also true: if someone is held to low expectations, they are more likely to do poorly. This suggests that a teacher's belief in a student's skills may have an impact on the student's future accomplishment. This phenomenon has been demonstrated in the teaching field, particularly when it comes to teachers who intentionally and unintentionally push their students to meet their predetermined expectations. As a piece of advice, we as the teacher must know our students’ capabilities not to push them beyond the level they couldn’t achieve. 

            All in all, the third session with Dr Roslizam was fruitful and insightful. I have learnt a lot through discussions shared by classmates and Dr Roslizam himself. Sharing his experiences on Leadership Traits and Ethics was an eye-opener for my future reference.

DYNAMICS OF LEADERSHIP (UHPS 6013) Topic 2: Leadership Traits and Ethics

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oG2MaDlnCRYfojkVs-u2VCEfXzAd_uaz/preview 

Topic: Introduction to Leadership

 

Weekly Reflection                                                    

Week 2 (24 October 2021)                                                          

I would like to start my weekly reflection by stating the definition of leadership. Dr Roslizam shared with us PPT slides describing characteristics of world leaders such as Winston Churchill, Mahatma Gandhi, etc. As for me, leadership may be defined as someone who possesses certain characteristics and personalities which he enables to hold, move or direct certain group members to achieve a target or goal.  A good leader can somehow control, or even instruct his group members to work ‘with’ not ‘for’ him. It is a skill to influence others that not everyone could acquire. According to Al-Shamsi et all (2018), leaders are a  key source of influence on organizational variables as well as productivity. It is the ability to persuade others to achieve the targeted objective. I’m very much attracted by the slides shown by Dr Roslizam on Adolf Hitler, the chancellor of Germany. Although he had committed genocide by destroying a certain group of people, still ‘his people’ elected him to be their leader. I presume he had skills that enabled him to lead his country. 

As I was a teacher; technically a leader in my organization; leading my students to accomplish what has been planned at the end of our journey. The concept of teachers being a leader is now widely accepted as the aim and goal is to enhance the teaching quality as well as students learning. Wenner and Campbell (2017) supported this concept as teacher leadership aims to promote student learning and achievement, including to develop the school organisation altogether.  

Why leadership is important? Dr Roslizam mentioned the key elements why being a leader is crucial in our society. Some factors are :

 

      For crises

      For organizational performance

      For employee job satisfaction

      For successful management


To be precise, to handle a critical situation, a leader must develop a strong team because it does not work one way. To achieve top-notch performance, without trust and cooperation between the ‘captain’ and his ‘crew’, the ship will be doomed. 

I was also fascinated with Dr Roslizam explanation of the characteristics of Manager vs Leader. It is very clear cut that managers and leaders possess slightly different personality traits

Managers

      Administer

      Maintain

      Control

      Short-term view

      Ask “how & when”

      Imitate

      Accept status quo

      Do things right

 

Leaders

      Innovate

      Develop

      Inspire

      Long-term view

      Ask “what & why”

      Originate

      Challenge status quo

      Do the right things

 

 

In reflecting upon the differences between manager and leader, I remember back in 2003 just being posted as a new young teacher in one of the schools in Kuala Lumpur, I often denied the important role of being a teacher leader. I felt it was not important back then without realizing that it was the most crucial element regardless of how young you were. I was teaching the Upper Six students who were just 5 years younger than me. I kept my distance and had my own space. Shondrick, Dinh, & Lord (2010) proposed that, when leaders’ behaviours are not aligned with followers’ expectations (either higher or lower), followers may evaluate them as being laissez-faire. Technically I was a laissez-faire! 

I could manage to control them but not inspire, maintaining the bond but unable to develop new rapport, and I always thought I did things right without knowing I must do the right things with my students by challenging or even motivating them. In a leadership context, Wills (2015) identified three main areas why leadership is important. Firstly, it is important for a leader to display his competence in working professionally with their colleagues; in my situation with my students which I did not demonstrate especially when handling the critical situation. Secondly, Wills emphasizes the importance of collaborating with colleagues and lastly, participating in decision making. These are the important elements that make a leader effective. If you don’t possess any of these then you are incompetent.    

To sum up, towards the end of the lecture, Dr Roslizam asked a question for us to ponder. What is the best leadership style? People; teachers specifically; have their preference and style of leadership. For me, sticking to one style could be effective but not in the long term. As we grow and become more mature, we tend to change and broaden our leadership styles. I hope one day, I could find the style that enables me to make difference in someone’s life. 


 Reference:


Al-Shamsi,  R.,  Ameen,  A.,  Isaac,  O.,  Al-Shibami,  A.  H.,  &  Sayed  Khalifa,  G.  (2018).  The  Impact of Innovation and  Smart  Government on  Happiness:  Proposing  Conceptual  Framework.  International Journal of Management and Human Science (IJMHS)2(2), 10-26.


Shondrick, S. J., Dinh, J. E., & Lord, R. G. 2010. Developments in implicit leadership theory and cognitive science: Applications to improving measurement and understanding alternatives to hierarchical leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 21: 959-978.


Wenner, J. A., & Campbell, T. (2017). The theoretical and empirical basis of teacher leadership: A review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 20(10), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654316653478 


Wills, A. (2015). A case study of teacher leadership at an elementary school. Unpublished Certificate of Advanced Study Thesis. Sacred Heart University. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/edl/6 

DYNAMICS OF LEADERSHIP (UHPS 6013) Topic 1: Introduction to Leadership

 https://drive.google.com/file/d/15gakHnIXGt547W6jj1aOdqUdGkyTAAKv/preview

DYNAMICS OF LEADERSHIP (UHPS 6013) Topic 9: Leading Self – Managed Teams

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wd8mA6DfI8TEgvKuI7din-ajnj8M3Qg8/preview